Capadoccia
Kaymakali - the fascinating underground city in Capadoccia Underground caves of Capadoccia Around 3 to 9 million years ago, volcanic eruptions from Anatolia region's three major volcanoes, Mount Erciyes, Mount Hasan, and Mount Göllü, blanketed Cappadocia in thick layers of volcanic ash. Over time, this ash consolidated into a soft rock called tuff rock (talk about an oxymoron), while harder materials like basalt and andesite settled in other areas. Wind, water, and temperature fluctuations gradually eroded the softer tuff layers, creating the iconic fairy chimneys, valleys, and jagged cliffs seen today. Cyanobacteria are a phylum of bacteria called prokaryotes, meaning they lack a nucleus, that can appear green, red, brown, or even black, depending on the pigments they contain (e.g., chlorophyll, and phycobilins). These unicellular life forms often form colonies or filaments, creating various shapes such as mats, chains, or spherical clusters - that provide a form of prote...